Teaching Methods in Pakistan
There are different methods used by teachers in
Pakistan for teaching students, mostly Pakistan’s education sector is lacking
use of modern teaching methods. Modern teaching methods are very much important
for proper learning of students and making them competent to the global
environment. Pakistan’s education system is distributed; there is big
difference in teaching methodology of public universities and the private
universities.
Teaching methods in Public Universities:
In public universities students face many problems
in getting education, the methods used by teachers are traditional, teachers
compel students to write the same wording of books in exams and the conceptual
critical analysis skill of students is diminishing.
Students just remember the wording of books not
understand what the book says and what are its applications in the real world,
that is the reason that when these students get degrees and go to the practical
working environment they feel very much difficult and complex to deal with
practical working environment. Teachers just start the lecture and moving on
but do not engage students in the participation of lecture, teachers do not do
certain activities to entertain students, and students are compelled to listen
long lectures. The point is that if someone is listening you for just time
passing then how he/she can understand what you are saying and then when it
comes to exams they just remember wordings from books.
Teachers give useless and time consuming projects,
which waste the time of students and they do not learn effectively from such
projects.
Teachers do not engage students in the
extracurricular activities, which are very much important to make students
active, social and entertained.
Teachers are not committed, they just perform
formality in doing their jobs, they do not motivate students because their jobs
are government jobs and their jobs are highly secured jobs so they do not care
for student learning and grooming.
Teaching methods in Private
Universities: Private universities are going well, These
universities meet the international standards for teaching and make students
competent to the global environment. But students who are poor can not afford
the expenses of such universities and they mostly study in public universities
.
Use of Projectors: Projectors
are used which enhance the learning of students and it is very much
interactive, students comfortably can understand the lectures.
Assignments: Practical
assignments are given which enhance the learning of students.
Study Trips: Study
trips are to help to teach students along with entertaining them, making students
aware of the practical field work, thus building their morale and maturity
level.
Research Projects: Research
projects are very much importance because these projects make students up to
date what ever changes occur in the related topic , students learn by the help
of research projects.
Class Participation: Teachers
engage students in class participation by asking questions and different on the
spot activities .
Group Discussion: Group
discussions help students how to work in groups, Importance of group work and
productivity.
Career Counseling: Teachers
provide such a platform that students get proper guidance regarding their
career, and they are groomed by motivational speakers and career counselers.
Video Conferences: Highly
qualified personnels are held connected with students and provide students an
opportunity to learn a lot from international highly qualified individuals
thorugh video conferencing.
Seminars: Seminars
are held to inform students about different subject matter topics thich enhance
the learning of students.
USA teaching methods
USA's teaching methods used in schools, collages
universities are quite different to the methods used in other countries.
USA teaching
methods will help shape students learning experience, making sure they are
exposed to a variety of learning styles:
- Class
lectures delivered by expert professors who are also leading practitioners
in their professional fields
- In-class
discussions promoting interaction to help students improve verbal skills and
to learn through dialogue and debate
- Class
presentations encourage students to take a leadership role, share their
knowledge, and improve public speaking skills
- Challenging
opportunities to participate in advanced research and formulate opinions
- Course
readings that require students to expand their perspective and synthesize
new material
- Peer
student feedback that promotes learning through constructive critiques of
each other’s work
In the universities in America teachers are highly
qualified. teach the subjects of their field.
in American universities teaching methods are like
the same in most other countries' universities that consist of teaching in
classes through the powerpoint on projectors. many other universities use of
the online classes all over the amrica.
At most universities, high-quality teaching methods
use a variety of contexts. Most courses combine lectures, discussion groups,
lab sessions (for relevant subjects) and experiential class activities.
students may also be taught through special lectures, seminars, independent
study, group work, class projects, field teaching etc. Proficiency in the use
of computers, databases, and software, along with information seeking skills,
are essential in all courses at the University.
In some universities it's the policy of the
universities that provides the required subjects of any degree in advance, to
those students who want to complete their degree before the required duration
of time to pass out degree.
Also in many other universities classes are held for
24 hours in a day, but in this different teachers come to teach to students, music teaching today in U.S.A is also thought for account account of many different
variables and conditions if it is to be efficient, adequate, and musically and
socially meaningful. Classical methodologies are still valid and effective in
U.S.A.
In U.S.A in many universities there are set some
teaching methods for the students who have brain injuries.
Attention/Concentration
Many students with brain injuries find it hard to
pay attention or concentrate, especially over an extended period of time. They
may not remember the question that was asked or all the parts of the homework
assignment. A task may not be finished, because the student is distracted
easily or moves onto something else. Strategies for improving attention and
concentration can include:
• Reduce distractions in the student’s work area
(i.e., remove extra pencils, books)
• Divide work
into smaller sections (i.e., have the student complete one section at a time;
suggest times and expectations for completion)
• Ask the
student to summarize information orally that has just been presented • Use cue
words to alert the student to pay attention (e.g., “listen,” “look,” “name”) • Establish a nonverbal cueing system (e.g., eye
contact, touch) to remind the student to pay attention
These were some strategies used in some universities
in america for the students who are suffering brain injuries.
Teaching method in United Kingdom
Lectures: these large classes usually last for one hour. A lecturer
or tutor will guide you through the subject and introduce you to new concepts
and theories.
Seminars and tutorials: in these small classes, tutors will encourage you to
debate and discuss a specific topic or piece of work. You will often be asked
to prepare presentations and ideas for the session. Tutorials also provide you
with the chance to ask questions and receive feedback about your work.
Practical work: many courses in law, the arts and sciences will
include practical workshops where you can develop your practical skills.
Workplace training: some courses will give you a practical experience
within a working environment under the supervision of experienced staff.
"Sandwich" courses include a full year's work placement in full-time
employment as part of the course.
In addition to these study methods, you will be
expected to conduct your own independent study and research.
Teaching
methodology of Universities in United Kingdom
·
Oxford brooker university
Lectures: A formal introduction to, and explanation of,
subjects.
Seminars: The change to
discuss lectures in more detail in small groups.
Tutorials: Usually
a meeting between student and lecturer.
Podcasts: To give feedback on
seminars
Brooker’s Virtual Learning Environment: Their online virtual learning network, where you can access
course material.
Project and Practical work:
It is form of important part of students learning. The type of work you will
depend on students course but could include field trips. Laboratory work and
work experience.
Learning support:
§ They support student with academic English language skills,
so this university offer a range of classes, short courses, tutorials and
independent study resources to help you make the most of your time at Oxford
Brookers.
§ When a new student arrives at brooker, he will be assigned a
personal tutor to help and advice you throughout your courses.
§ University also offer personal confidential study advice and
service called “upgrade” for anyone who wants to improve their study skills.
Advice ranges from playing and writing essay to help with maths and statistic
§ You will also given personal information portal as PIP, which
allows you to track your own progress and information about modules and
courses.
University of kent
§ Lectures: Formal lectures held at least one hour each week. Each
lecture provides an introduction to particular topics to make student aware of
main topic through structured summary debate topic.
§ Seminars: Discussion group for at least one further hour in a each
week, this seminars provide student opportunity to get engage with other
students and to clarify the designated reading material form to present to
project work.
Full time and part time students
§ Both can attend the lecture, full time attend during the day
and, part time students can attend the seminars in the evening.
§ seminars further divided in to type
’Group seminar and mix seminar
Research skills: for the presentation of essay,
term paper, thesis and all written work designed to develop skills.
Teaching
methods in Germany
Teaching
methods at universities in Germany
In the Germany classes take the form of lectures,
seminars, practical exercise, work placement and study trips. The main function
of the lectures is to impact general and basic knowledge about the various
fields of study. The seminars afford opportunities to deal in depth with a more
narrowly defined topic. Practical exercises and practical’s meanwhile, provides
the opportunities to develop the theoretical knowledge gained in a practical
manner.
In the Germany universities are promoting the use of
new media such as multimedia and teleteaching in the teaching offered by the
universities. Federation has been promoting joint projects for the use of new
media in higher education institutions. Federation is also promoting elearning
services for science, which shall give the institutions of higher education the
opportunity to make greater and more professional use of new media for
teaching, learning and examinations.
Teaching methods at establishments
outside the higher education system
A characteristic feature of training at Germany is
the division of each semester into on-the-job training and a theoretical part
of the course at the study institution that lasts between ten and 12 weeks.
During the theoretical part of the course, as a rule, students are taught in
small groups. In addition to lectures and seminars, active teaching methods
like role play, experimental games or case studies are applied.
They also provide the incentives to the teacher.
ü Prizes for the Best Teacher, Teacher of the Year
ü Publish Evaluation Results
ü Monetary Compensation
ü Scholarships
School
system and teacher training in Germany
In
school system German use various techniques and learning strategies from
traditional to modern ones. One of our aims will be to find the examples of
best practices which make the educational process more effective for both
students and teachers. The results of our research will be various teaching and
learning strategies which will be presented to partner schools and other
teachers or institutions.
During the first meetings in Germany
(14.-19.01.2015) and the UK we worked on “Teaching Methods & Learning
Strategies”. Through so called mini-lessons we tried to get an overview how the
lessons are prepared and hold in the different countries and how children
learn.
Teacher
training system in Germany
ü Initial
Training of Teachers
There is an initial teacher
training system in the Germany, the teacher training model in Germany not
homogenous in the whole country and is regulated by land legislation. The
relevant statutory provisions include laws and regulations for teacher training,
study regulations for teacher training courses, examination regulations for the First
State Examination training regulations for the preparatory service and examination regulations for the Second State Examination.
Responsibility for teacher
training rests with the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs Of the Land
which regulate training through study regulations and examination regulations.
First and Second State
Examinations are conducted by the state examination authorities or boards of
the Land.
ü Curriculum,
Special Skills, Specialization
The various careers for which
teachers are trained correspond to the levels and types of school in the Land.
In view of the resulting large number of different designations for teaching careers, the following six types of teaching careers can be distinguished for reasons of clarity:
ü Teaching careers
at the primary level.
ü General teaching
careers at primary level and all or individual lower secondary level school
types.
ü Teaching careers
at all or individual lower secondary level school types.
ü Teaching careers
for the general education subjects at upper secondary level or for the
Gymnasium.
ü Teaching careers
in vocational subjects at upper secondary level or at vocational schools.
ü Teaching careers
in special education.
In all the Lands training is
divided into studies at a university or equivalent institution ofhigher
education and practical pedagogic training (preparatory service.
ü Practical
training
Having a finished their academic
studies the future teachers have to accomplish a phase of education called
lasting 1, 5 or 2 years when they are paid a small salary. The Phase is
organized by the school administration of Lands.
Have to attend and to give
lessons in a school of their branch under instruction of a guiding teacher and
the leaders of the pedagogic and science education seminars. During this phase the teacher aspirant have to pass several examination lessons and at the
end verbal examination abut pedagogy and teaching methods of their subject.
Moreover, they have to write a report about teaching methods and lesson planning
with respect of their own practice.
ü Evaluation,
Certificates
As with all courses of study in
higher education, certain certificates are required for admission to
examinations and intermediate examinations have to be taken in teacher training courses. The details are regulated by study and examination regulations
.The teaching courses conclude with the examination known as the first State
Examination which entitles the holder to be accepted into the state preparatory service.
The preparatory service concludes
with the Second State Examination after the second phase of the teacher
education process. The certificate, which teacher aspirants could receive is
the prerequisite for permanent employment in a teaching career,but does not
guarantee a teaching position. It has to be taken before a state examination board or a state examination commission.
Individual Lands have already
reached the planning or testing stage for the implementation of the consecutive
structure of study courses with Bachelor's and Master's degrees into teacher training while maintaining state responsibility for final examinations.
ü Alternative
Training Pathways
Bachelor's and
Master's degrees in teacher training
In some Lands, the reform of
teacher training is to include the implementation of the consecutive structure
of study courses with Bachelor's and Master's degrees (BA/MA) which was introduced in Germany with the amendment of the Framework Act for Higher Education Of 1998. Currently, some Lands are planning a modularization of
teacher study courses and the introduction of consecutive study courses with
Bachelor's and Master's degrees. The Degrees obtained by successfully attending
these new teacher study courses are mutually acknowledged by the Lands if they
meet the standards the Standing Conference of the
Ministers of Education and
Cultural Affairs of the Lands have agreed upon in March 2002.The revised
structure comprises university studies as well as the preparatory service which is reduced to 12 months due to the crediting of practical pedagogic
training. Periods of practical training are integrated into the courses of
study, whereas the duration of the periods reserved for academic training shall
remain unchanged. This is made possible by means of a consecutive and modular
structure of study: a three-year Bachelor's study course in two relevant specialized subject areas and in educational science. Students receive training
for a particular type of school and general training independent of a
particular type of school. For Students who have successfully completed the
Bachelor's course of study, a Master's study course with contents related to a
particular type of school is offered. The duration of the course is 1 year for
the teaching career at 1.5years for the teaching career atand 2 years for the
teaching careers at the Gymnasium. The Gymnasium and at vocational schools. In
correspondence with the efforts to higher education degrees, by successfully
completing the degree courses the students obtain the Bachelor of Arts or
Bachelor of Science and the Master of Arts or Master of Science Respectively. To
these degrees a Diploma Supplement is appended which contains detailed information on the main fields of study as well as specifications on
the types of school the holder of the qualification is entitled to teach at. In
addition to these higher education degrees the two State Examinations are
maintained. Courses and examinations that have been passed within the Master's
course of study are credited towards the First State Examination which remains obligatory.
ü Higher education
graduates without formal teacher training
Although all Lands agree that the
recruitment of applicants with formal teaching qualification is to be given
priority, the employment of higher education graduates without formal teacher
training is deemed necessary in order to meet short-term demands in understaffed subjects (in 2003 3.9% of all newly recruited teachers in the public school sector had no formal teacher training). The individual Lands provide for
different and in some cases limited regulations oriented on their own particular
demand. The measures include direct employment (predominantly in the vocational
school system) either with or without accompanying pedagogical training, or the
admission of higher education graduates with Diploma and with Diploma and Magister degrees
to preparatory service. The certificates which can be obtained in the course of
accompanying qualification measures, as well as the professional status of the persons who obtain them, vary from Land to Land. For the time being, they
are valid in the Land in which they were obtained.
These are the major
teaching methods mostly used in Germany
ü
Teaching philosophy in Germany
It
might be that our classes in Germany are being taught in a different way from
the one you are used to at your home university.
FUBiS aspires to bring together students from
different nationalities, cultures & backgrounds in one classroom. We want
you to get out most of this learning experience and over the years have worked
on a successful classroom concept that is beneficial for the students.
Therefore, feel free to read through the following in-formation to get a short
overview of our methods in Berlin which will help you getting started.
ü
Active participation
Since
FUBiS classes have a rather small number of students (maximum 18), active
participation is a central part of the course. That means:
Discussions in class
Group work
Oral Presentations
Ask
questions whenever you feel as if something is still unclear. Our instructors
encourage comments and questions as important contributions for the class. The
instructor is a person to be respected, but at the same time eager to help you
to learn the subject matter. Therefore, questions are more than welcome.
ü
Dare to contribute
While
learning, everyone makes mistakes. You will be here to learn something new,
therefore it‘s not a problem if you make a mistake or ask questions in class.
A FUBiS course works best if all students contribute
actively to discussions - initially there is no right or wrong. Keep in mind
that making mistakes might also be part of your learning experience - they are
even helpful because you can learn from them.
ü
Use your knowledge
Another
part of the course assignments are usually essays and exams. In both cases open
questions (rather than multiple-choice tests) are asked and give you the chance
to use your newly acquired knowledge and to show what you have learned.
In some classes you have the opportunity to show
your creativity in a final (group) project where you can present a special
topic to the class.
ü
Enjoy class
Now nothing is keeping you from having a successful
learning experience.
Causes of
low standards in teaching method in Pakistan
Politically
Low social standard of teachers.
Private sectors
Poor management
Nepotism
Lack of use of advanced technology
Creative mind Teachers is not
encouraged.
Teachers refuse to take classes
Minimum budget.
Lake of innovative teacher
education.
·
Politically
It has a very bad impact on the education
sector, because the politicians are not interested to invest in education
system instead they are investing money in their businesses, the infrastructure
of school, colleges and universities are getting worsen so instead of taking
action against the management they rather use institution as a guest houses,
because they are using their power wrongly likewise, they support their own
uneducated people for the post of teacher so, when a person does not know the
how to teach then, how would he think for latest methodology of teachings.
·
Low social standard of teachers
It is very necessary for the growth
of student to interact with his teacher but, when teacher is not social, and is
introverted then he would not well interact with student however, he could not
able to share his experience, knowledge and technique of studying so it is the
main cause of low standard of teaching method in Pakistan.
·
Private sectors
Now a days the huge numbers of private
sectors are serving in Pakistan but their vision is to earn money rather than
the progress of country’s education so, mostly they are hiring very low quality
of stuff and they are not able to teach in standard manner is compared to other
developed countries.
·
Poor management
The main role of management to keep
talented and skillful teacher who create new technological based method but,
the management itself is corrupt and is not taking any action due to political
pressure.
·
Nepotism
The nepotism is very common in education
system, management does not hire teachers on the basis of merit but they rather
give posts to those who pay money even the person is not able yet he would get
the job easily.
·
Lack of use of advanced technology
§ The technology has increased the overall
performance of students in developed countries but here in Pakistan, there is
no concept of new technological equipment so, the teachers cannot teach
efficiently and efficiently, for examples tablets instead of books and
multimedia instead of boards etc.
·
Creative mind Teachers is not encouraged
Creative teacher who give their 100% yet not encouraged by
the management, when the deserve promotion but could not get due to corrupt
officers who give promotions to those who gave them money that’s why the person
would not satisfy with his/ her job and would starting performing low.
·
Teachers refuse to take classes
Some teachers always remain absent
because they run another business on side and they pay attention more on their
business so how could teacher improve teaching method when he/she is absent.
·
Budget Minimum.
Government sets low budget on the
education department so how would they buy latest technological equipment, when
there will be low amount of money however, the low amount of money is eaten by
corrupt member of management so, there is no left to spend on education.
Consequences of low standards in
teaching methods in Pakistan
According to Buddha, "the mind is everything.
What you think you become" and therefore in accordance to that statement
our mind is responsible for the actions we take. In this case, poor teaching
methods have highly affected our mind and our thinking making us feel that we
are not good at certain subjects, even making us go as far as hating the
subject, whereas all that is required is a different approach. This has in turn
affected student's action thereby making them shy away from such subjects when
it comes to subject choices.
Poor performance: when
students are taught by poor teaching methods then surely their performance will
also be poor.
Demotivation: when
students are taught by poor teaching methods and students are inappropriate
regarding to their subjects then they become demotivated and lose their
self-confidence.
Incompetent: Students
become unable to compete with the students of the developed countries in this
way their existence in form of competency is limited to domestic level they
cannot achieve better job opportunities in developed countries.
Not Practical: Students
just become bookish as the latest technology and methods are not used in
teaching so they become uncomfortable in the market place where they have to
work
Low Educational Standards: Thus
if teachers teach by poor methods and students who are future of tomorrow also
learn same things then they also perform accordingly and thus making
environment with low educational standards
Low Economic Performance: It’s
students who are the future of a nation when these are not taught with proper
and advanced teaching methods then they can not contribute more in economic
performance.
Lack of Job Opportunities at Abroad: When
students do not get education by latest methods then they become unable to get
job opportunities at abroad
Poor Image of Country: Youth
is future of any nation so if it is not properly groomed then it will not be
able to brighten the name the country so this gives overall poor image of the
country.
Long
term solution for Pakistan teaching methods, How they can improve the teaching
methods in Pakistan
Historically
schooling have been predominantly focusing teaching instead of enabling a
culture of learning, the process of providing mass education has been
criticized by many as similar to mass production in factories. Children have
been regarded as raw materials to be efficiently processed by technical workers
the teachers who are the only sources of filling knowledge in empty minds of
the students. Because teaching is a complex process which requires proper
teaching methodologies, in order to inculcate knowledge in the minds of the
students and to transfer knowledge to next generation. Secondary education is a
turning state therefore; effective teaching methodology is to be adopted
according to the needs of the students so that proper guidance can be given.
School improvement is considered
one of the most powerful tools to improve the quality of education, particularly
teaching/learning processes, in the classroom. The importance of school
improvement is recognized all over the world and particularly in the developing
world because developing countries are facing enormous challenges in education.
These countries have issues with human resources, infrastructure, monitoring
and evaluation systems and the proper use of available resources. Education systems
in developing countries have experienced tremendous changes and expansion over
the last three decades. Many reforms have been implemented to increase access
and improve the quality of education, such as Universal Primary Education,
Early Childhood Education, Education for All, and Nai Roshni(literally meaning
new horizon) in Pakistan. Unfortunately most of these reforms have failed
There
should be effective teaching Methods in Pakistan
There are
several teaching methods which are used to teach various disciplines at higher
or secondary level in Pakistan. However, majority of the teachers use only
lecture method to teach different subjects even, these subjects demand
practical demonstration. There are many excuses of not adopting modern methods
of teaching, the most important is that majority of the teachers have argument
that curricula is lengthy and working environment is not provided in public
sector.
Following
are important teaching methods commonly used by the teachers in order to give
proper education to a student’s such as direct instructions or lecturing,
inquiry based learning, cooperative learning and group discussion.
ü Direct instruction
Itis the most
common form of instruction. This is the lecturing method of teaching. Many
teachers use this teaching method almost exclusively, as it is considered the
simplest, and one can cover large amounts of material in a short period of
time. However, this is not the most effective teaching method to teach all
students, especially younger ones, who often need a more engaging, hands-on
strategy in order to learn effectively. In emphases in the total pattern of
meaningful learning, which make the general orientation more definite?
ü
Learning
is essentially purposive. It is meaningful in the sense that it matters to the
learner.
ü
The
basic process of learning is one of exploration and discovery: not of routine
repetition.
ü
The
outcome or result achieved by learning is always the emergence of insight, or
understanding or intelligible response.
ü
The
result is not tied to the situation in which it was achieved but, can be used
also in other situations.
ü Inquiry-based learning
Itis a
teaching method which is rapidly gaining popularity in the United States. Based
on the scientific method, this teaching method can be used for virtually all
subjects. Using inquiry-based learning takes a lot of time, energy, and
planning, but it is often very effective. Students practice problem solving and
critical thinking skills to arrive at a conclusion. This teaching method is
extremely student-centered and student-directed, and can be modified for
students at any level, reaching them where they are. Teachers will generally
need to start by modeling the process to the students
.
ü Cooperative learning
Itis another
teaching method that is considered highly effective when done correctly. With
cooperative learning, students are put in small groups to work together. They
are usually not grouped by ability, but put in a group with children at a
variety of levels. The students are then given tasks to accomplish together.
Teachers may need to monitor these groups carefully, to make sure they are
staying on task and that all students are participating. This form of
instruction also lends itself well to differentiation, because the teacher can
assign specific tasks to children at different ability levels.
ü Group discussions
for
example, can often work well in classrooms of small or moderate size. Teacher
typically acts as a moderator for this type of lesson, so one might begin the
discussion but then pass the process of learning off to the students. This can
be one of the most effective teaching methods for students who want to be
engaged in their own learning, but can be less effective in other settings.
While many
teachers may not view lecturing as one of the most effective teaching methods,
there are still some settings in which lecturing can work well. Presentation of
new information in a concise and informative way can often be important in a
classroom. Lecturing can work well in such an instance, though teacher should
typically pair such lectures with time for group discussion or other types of
work that more effectively engage these students and keep them active.
ü
Lesson
Planning
For
effective teaching a good method must be adopted by a teacher. A teacher has
many options when choosing a style to teach by. The teacher may write lesson
plans of their own, borrow plans from other teachers, or search alive or within
books for lesson plans. When deciding that what teaching method to use, a
teacher will need to consider students background, knowledge, environment, and
learning goals. Teachers know that students learn in different ways but almost
all children will respond well to praise. Students have different ways of absorbing
information and of demonstrating their knowledge. Teachers often use techniques
which cater to multiple learning. Styles to help students retain information
and strengthen understanding. A variety of teaching strategies and methods are
used to ensure that all students have equal opportunities to learn. A lesson
plan may be carried out in following.
ü
Teaching
Tactics
Teaching
tactics means the method with which new knowledge is marked in the minds of
pupils permanently. Teaching tactics are more comprehensive than the teaching
strategies. In other words, under a single teaching strategy, by using one of
more teaching tactics, the lesson can be making easy, clear and understandable.
ü
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
is a classification system that is arranged in a hierarchy. Taxonomy is more
than a simple division of material into groups: it involves understanding the
nature of groups and their relationships to one another. He further stated that
there are several advantages in using taxonomy. First and foremost, it
facilitates communication. The second advantage of using taxonomy is that it is
purely descriptive, without implicit value in any of its categories. It is a
system that in itself is neither good nor bad. Another advantage is that
taxonomy gives us a basis for selecting criteria for evaluation even self
evaluation. The facilitation of planning is a third advantage. Teachers have a
means of sequencing tasks, assessing relative weight given each level and
evaluating congruency between goals and learning strategies selected. A final
advantage to using the taxonomy is that the process of learning is enhanced. By
evaluating student progress at each level of domain, learning problems can be
diagnosed and remediated.
ü
Promoting new technology
They
should promote the new technology in the every field of education. Like as multimedia teleteaching and elearning
in the country and other different technology to enhance the education in the
county more effectively and efficiently.
ü
Initial teachers training
programs
There
should be initial teachers training programs in the country in order to well
teach to the students and effectively convey theirs lectures.
Conclusion
At some
perspectives teaching method in government
universities in pakistan have
destroyed the education system of pakistan.
In government universities of pakistan there is no any kind of
facilities regarding the teaching methodology. students face many problem while
being thought in government universities, where there is no any kind of
effective teaching methodology, in this case students go no more successful and
their future is bleak. there is no participation in government universities, no
any kind of extra curriculum. there is lack of modern technology in teaching
methodology, like projectors which has been very common practice in teaching
methodology, there is bookish methods in government universities in which
students find it very diligent and abstruse to understand the lectures thought
in government universities.
when we have talked about pakistan's private
universities there is better education
system than the government universities
of pakistan. there is good environment , good career counsling, great
motivation given to students, motivational speaker, projectors, participation
of students and there is great use of modern technology. overall pakistan's
private universities are having better teaching methodology because they charge
the great amount of money.
In Amrica At
most universities, high-quality teaching methods use a variety of contexts.
Most courses combine lectures, discussion groups, lab sessions (for relevant
subjects) and experiential class activities. students may also be taught
through special lectures, seminars, independent study, group work, class
projects, field teaching etc. Proficiency in the use of computers, databases,
and software, along with information seeking skills, are essential in all
courses at the University.
In the Germany classes take the form of lectures,
seminars, practical exercise, work placement and study trips. In the Germany
universities are promoting the use of new media such as multimedia and
teleteaching in the teaching offered by the universities. Federation has been
promoting joint projects for the use of new media in higher education
institutions. some major methods used in Germany are:
ü
Dare to contribute
ü
Active participation
ü
Use your knowledge
ü
Enjoy class
in United kingdom there is also great teaching
methods they use Lectures: Seminars and tutorials
Practical work Workplace training, there is great use of technology. there
is great advancement in teaching methodology.
consequences of
poor teaching methodology in pakistan:
Politically
Low social standard of teachers.
Private sectors
Poor management
Nepotism
Lack of use of advanced technology
Creative mind Teachers is not
encouraged.
Teachers refuse to take classes
Minimum budget.
Lake of innovative teacher education.
These were some major causes due to those the poor
teaching methodology in pakistan occur. there are a lot of consequences of the poor teaching methodology in pakistan,
some of them are mentioned above. some other consequences of poor teaching
methodology includes, demotivation for students, low student morale low
economic development, poor country's image and
students become imcompent.
Recommendation
Education is the foremost important factor in every
country to be had, without education there is no any shortcut for the
individuals, and the countries in the world to survive. And in pakistan it's
very poor and bigger problem in pakistan that has created many other problems
like inflation, unemployment, poverty, illiteracy and many others. so pakistan
government should eradicate the corruption done in country and invest more
money on education system in pakistan, and build good facilitated universities
in all over the country, and the teachers should be hired on merit basis who
should be capable of teaching field, there should be no favoritism and
nepotism.
